Chronology


August 20, 1953
The first Redstone missile was test-fired by the Army at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Redstone rocket was later used as a launch vehicle for two manned suborbital flights and research and development flights.
June 11, 1957
The Atlas’ first launch attempt took place at Cape Canaveral, Florida. However, the rocket exploded shortly after launch at an altitude of around 3 km.
November 1957
Maxime A. Faget gave a lecture on manned orbital flights. The concept included the use of existing ballistic missiles for propulsion, solid-propellant retrorockets for reentry initiation, and a reentry capsule. This concept was considered the fastest and safest approach for the first manned flights into orbit.
January 16, 1958
Paul E. Purser and Maxime A. Faget designed a solid-propellant rocket for the research and development phase of a manned satellite vehicle project. This launch vehicle was later named Little Joe and was used to test the Mercury capsules.
July 29, 1958
Founding of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).
November 26, 1958
The manned satellite program was officially named Project Mercury.
December 17, 1958
Dr. T. Keith Glennan referred to the manned satellite project as Project Mercury for the first time in a political speech.
January 26, 1959
NASA has completed contract negotiations with McDonnell for the design and development of the Mercury capsule.
January 1959
Development of the Mercury pressure suit began.
August 21, 1959
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 1
September 9, 1959
Launch of Mercury-Big-Joe 1
October 4, 1959
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 6
November 4, 1959
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 1A
December 4, 1959
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 2 with the rhesus monkey Sam
January 21, 1960
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 1B with the rhesus monkey Miss Sam
July 29, 1960
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 1
November 8, 1960
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 5
November 21, 1960
Launch of Mercury-Redstone 1
December 12, 1960
Launch of Mercury-Redstone 1A
January 31, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Redstone 2 with the chimpanzee Ham, who became the first monkey in space with this flight
February 21, 1961
Launch Mercury-Atlas 2
March 18, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 5A
March 24, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Redstone BD
April 25, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 3
April 28, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Little-Joe 5B
May 5, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Redstone 3 “Freedom 7” with Alan Shepard, with this suborbital flight he became the first American in space
July 21, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Redstone 4 “Liberty Bell 7” with Gus Grissom, the second American in space, capsule sank after splashdown
September 13, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 4 for the first successful orbit of the Earth in this program
November 29, 1961
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 5 with the chimpanzee Enos for the first successful orbit of the earth by a chimpanzee
February 20, 1962
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 6 “Friendship 7” with John Glenn, who became the first American to orbit the Earth
May 24, 1962
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 7 “Aurora 7” with Scott Carpenter for the second successful manned orbital space flight
October 3, 1962
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 8 “Sigma 7” with Walter Schirra
May 15, 1963
Launch of Mercury-Atlas 9 “Faith 7” with Gordon Cooper for the last flight in this program and first landing the following day
June 12, 1963
Official end of Project Mercury